The Nature of the Self in Indian and Chinese Philosophy

While deliberating on the concept and the nature of the Self, specific attention should be given to the Indian and Chinese philosophy. These philosophical schools focus on considering the material and spiritual dimensions in characterizing the individual and explaining his/her life purposes and missions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Nature of the Self in Indian and Chinese Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At this point, such Indian schools of thoughts as Advaita Vedanta, Samkhya-Yoga theory, and Buddhism represents a dualistic confrontation between Atman (the Self) and Brahman (Whole) as the guiding powers in the Universe. The Confucianism theory that is more focused on the quality of an individual and its place in the world, but with no reference to the above-described concepts of the One and the Whole. According to the supporters of Advaita Vedanta, Atman, or the soul of the individual should be identified with Brahman. However, it does not constitute a part of Brahman that dissolves in it. Rather, it is entire Brahman itself. Therefore, the challenge of distinguishing between Atman, a soul limited to a physical body, and Brahman, embodying the entire world. In fact, the school of thought argues that the Self should not be confused with individuality or personal identity, but with the one and the unique. In this respect, self-identification correlates with the presence of immutable consciousness and, therefore, Atman can be presented as a variety of its modifications; it is free from merits and sins. Atman enclosed in a body is often regarded as a living being with senses and feelings. Unlike Advaita Vedenta, Samkhya-Yoga theory withdraws the assumptions that the self is embodied in the concept of Atman, which is identical to all-encompassing Brahman. On the contrary, the school of though is more concerned with the individual as an autonomous being and, therefore, there is a clear distinction between the self and the whole. Despite the distinction, the theory also relies on the spiritual representation of the world as its primary nature. The dualism of the philosophy is based on the concept of Purusha, the objective universe, and Prakriti, it material substance. All these dimensions are indispensible to maintaining the equilibrium. The philosophical views represented by the Buddhist supporters are congruent with the Advaita Vedanta school of thought. Specifically, Buddhism identifies self is a constant cycle of rebirth that is carried out through a sequence of life forms. Therefore, the theory withdraws the concept of self and argues that it personifies an eternal soul. Therefore the self and the universe are closely connected by the dynamic process of changes through reincarnation. In addition,Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the Confucian ism stream is more concerned with the cultivation of the self that is possible through achieving the highest potential while being a human. Therefore, the focus is made on lifetime of a person rather than in the afterlife period. The philosophical vision of Confucian schools is closely connected with understanding moral, ethical and social dimensions of social life including the basic human activities, such as action, sight, hearing, listening, and speaking. At this point, the centre of the Confucian philosophy is human, but not the universe. Its main theoretical basic heavily relies on spirituality cultivated within a person, but not outside it. Unlike the above presented Indian philosophical trends, this branch studies an individual with regard to its actions, deeps, and moral behavior that have been shaped during his/her life. This essay on The Nature of the Self in Indian and Chinese Philosophy was written and submitted by user Camryn Campos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Black Panther Party

The Black Panther Party was one that started as a result of the struggle that African Americans faced from day one in America. With a militant hand the Black Panther Party wanted to uplift African Americans and bring about revolutionary socialism and equality for all oppressed minorities. Following in the steps of Malcolm X, the Black Panther Party also sought to bring about positive social services, and to take Malcolm X’s goals for African American’s to new heights. With these theories and the manpower of a unified oppressed group, the uprising of the Black Panther Party was a steady, powerful, and productive organization for advancements in the African American community .Their were various events that lead to the downfall of the party. Some of these events included the militancy of the group in their efforts to achieve equality ,the rallies that incited the minds of their followers, the protest for the use of firearms as well as the use of firearms, and the arres t of the Defense Minister of the Panthers, Henry Newton. The group pushed forward to achieve their goals of equality, against a system that wanted to smother there voices. Though the uprising of the Black Panther Party was short lived, they manage to bring hundreds of thousand of backs and other minorities, as well as some whites together in a struggle for unity across colors. In the eyes of political figures this type of power in the hands of the Black Panther Party was seen as unhealthy for the nation. The FBI quickly developed plans and strategies to break down the party. The use of firearms was both a symbol for African Americans and white police officers. To blacks, the gun was a reminder that they had the right to defend themselves against the aggressive acts of police officers, and that they were on equal footing with the police because their bodies were not bullet proof. The possession of the guns gave African American’s a since of presence. The police h... Free Essays on Black Panther Party Free Essays on Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party was one that started as a result of the struggle that African Americans faced from day one in America. With a militant hand the Black Panther Party wanted to uplift African Americans and bring about revolutionary socialism and equality for all oppressed minorities. Following in the steps of Malcolm X, the Black Panther Party also sought to bring about positive social services, and to take Malcolm X’s goals for African American’s to new heights. With these theories and the manpower of a unified oppressed group, the uprising of the Black Panther Party was a steady, powerful, and productive organization for advancements in the African American community .Their were various events that lead to the downfall of the party. Some of these events included the militancy of the group in their efforts to achieve equality ,the rallies that incited the minds of their followers, the protest for the use of firearms as well as the use of firearms, and the arres t of the Defense Minister of the Panthers, Henry Newton. The group pushed forward to achieve their goals of equality, against a system that wanted to smother there voices. Though the uprising of the Black Panther Party was short lived, they manage to bring hundreds of thousand of backs and other minorities, as well as some whites together in a struggle for unity across colors. In the eyes of political figures this type of power in the hands of the Black Panther Party was seen as unhealthy for the nation. The FBI quickly developed plans and strategies to break down the party. The use of firearms was both a symbol for African Americans and white police officers. To blacks, the gun was a reminder that they had the right to defend themselves against the aggressive acts of police officers, and that they were on equal footing with the police because their bodies were not bullet proof. The possession of the guns gave African American’s a since of presence. The police h...

Green Attitude Leads To Green Action Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Green Attitude Leads To Green Action - Case Study Example People find it difficult in differentiating what waste product can be recycled and which cannot. Taking the initiative to act green is quite a difficult task. 2) Incentives can be necessary to alter consumer behavior that is related to reusing and recycling. The advantage of this is that a lot of plastics and non degradable material can be reused and recycled. This can also save on a lot of expenses that might have been incurred. However, the disadvantage of this method is people may not get the sense of conserving the environment and put more focus of obtaining the incentive. People may focus on the incentive and not see the sense of protecting the environment. 3) As a green living consultant, I would advice Madhu to increase her awareness on electricity use. She should try to minimize on the use through turning any application off when not in use. She should also reduce driving the car for short distance that she can walk. This will help to reduce carbon emissions. Plant a tree to provide shade or start a garden because this will cut down on cost of buying vegetables (Kocsis, 2010). 4) I can help Madhu find organizations that provide an eco friendly seals of approval for household’s items like grocery purchase. This includes agencies like green seal which ensure that everything you buy has a green seal. There are sites on the internet like Eco friendly shopping. com and eco friendly products. com. The Green Seal TM is also a nonprofit organization that I will recommend for

Wireless Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wireless - Research Paper Example The commonly media used in computer communication are categorized into bounded and unbounded media. Bounded media are the physical connections that make up a network system. These physical media are the most reliable for message sending, and they do provide faster data communication through high speed transfer of signals over long distances. Examples include coaxial cable, twisted pair cable and the fiber optic. The unbound media literally use the wireless connections and the transmission done via electronic waves (Odom W., Healy R., and Donohue D., 2010). Data Communication Protocols are a combination of both hardware and software standards that are established to effectively govern data transmission between computers. I.e., TCP/IP is a collection of different communication protocols based on IP and TCP. The TCP (Transmission Control Protocols) is applied in the transmission of data from an application to the network systems after breaking down data into IP packets before the transmission and assembling of the packets immediately they are received on the destination end. IP (Internet Protocol), however, protects the communication with other computer devices by sending and receiving the data packets over the internet (Clark A. P.,

The Effects of Price Fixing in the Industrial Thread Industry Research Paper

The Effects of Price Fixing in the Industrial Thread Industry - Research Paper Example Industrial thread is a very important product regarding its use in various other sectors. It is used to â€Å"sew or embroider various products such as clothes, home furnishings, automotive seats and seatbelts, leather goods, mattresses, footwear, ropes, etc.† (â€Å"Commission fines nine companies a total of â‚ ¬ 43.5 million for participating in industrial thread cartels†, 2006, p.1) The 6 billion Euro worth of market world wide even back in 2005 depicts its importance. The commission identified three cartels operating within the system; two of them belonging to industrial thread. The two industrial thread cartels were i) â€Å"a cartel on the market in thread for industrial customers in Benelux and the Nordic countries from January 1990 until September 2001†; ii) â€Å"a cartel on the market in thread for industrial customers in the United Kingdom from October 1990 until September 1996.† (â€Å"Competition: Commission fines producers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , 2005, p.1) The cartel in industrial thread that remained operative in Benelux and Nordic countries involved seven companies. All of them were identified and their names with their respective amount of fines are given below. The industrial thread cartel that was operative in United Kingdom had been spared from any fine since there was â€Å"no proof that the undertakings participated in a continuous cartel within the five years preceding the Commission’s inspections in November 2001.† (â€Å"Competition: Commission fines producers of industrial thread a total of â‚ ¬43.497 million for cartels†, 2005, p.1) The anger and hate that was involved in the words of Neelie Krores the Competition Commissioner might be of interest while realising the evil of cartel, â€Å"Cartel behaviour is illegal, unjustified and unjustifiable, and will be punished severely no matter how large or small the companies involved.

Role-play area increase childrens oral language

Role-play area increase childrens oral language My interest for this research stemmed from my passion for drama and my belief that it can enhance childrens learning experience. However, within the research school, teachers planned collaboratively and the use of drama did not suit lessons planned. This led to a developing interest in childrens play within the role-play area and the potential it had in enabling children to acquire language. The potential of the role-play corner is supported by Sylva et al (1980) who believe that the richest conversations within the Foundation classroom occur within the home corner. During my research I found that I strongly agreed with Moyles (2005) opinion that play is not employed within the primary classroom despite recommendations that this should be the case due to the range of potential it provides. Before changes were made to the role-play area during the research I felt that children were not using the area to its full potential and the research carried out aimed to resolve this by encouraging teachers to use this area in enhancing childrens learning. Therefore, the research carried out aimed to show the important role the role-play area plays within primary education and enabling children to acquire oral language. The study further aims to bring to light elements within the role-play area that will enhance childrens experience within the role-play area and ensure they are engaging with new vocabulary. The study was based in a large school with 300 children on roll and 30 teaching staff in Oxfordshire. The research was carried out in a mixed Year 1 and 2 class which consisted of 30 children for a period of five weeks. The following chapter aims to explore previous research within the areas of language acquisition and how the role-play area can enhance childrens language acquisition. Literature Review 2.1 Looking at language acquisition Language acquisition occurs as children learn a language and outlines the stages they progress through to achieve speech (Clark 2009). The first stage looks at sounds, words, meanings and construction which moves onto knowing when and where to use language and incorporating it into everyday life (Clark 2009). There are three main theories that look at how children acquire their language skills and at what age this starts to develop. The Behaviourist view states that children develop language skills through imitating their parents and later reinforce these skills (Eyres 2007). Nativists believe that children find language to be instinctual as children often hear incomplete sentences as they grow up and impose structures they have overheard on their own speech (Eyres 2007). Chomsky (cited in Wilson 2008) believes that children have a Language Acquisition Device that refers to an area of the brain which allows for children to learn and use language from a young age. Chomsky agrees with the Nativist theory in that children make use of rules they overhear in adult speech within the first few years of life and therefore their ideas on language structures constantly change and adapt to suit a more mature view of language grammar (Wilson 2008). The third theory about language acquisition is that of Interactionalists. They argue that children learn from the community around them and that babies start to pick up conventions of communication and their learning is developed through encouragement by adults, lending their support and interpreting sounds (Eyres 2007). However, other research suggests that infants are pushed to learn a language in order to share meaning and communicate with those around them and relationships with their carers engages them in a world of a specific language (Whitehead 2007). Brumfit (1984) states that there is a lot of research that was carried out on acquiring language but it is important to note that it is impossible to be able to isolate childrens language experiences from processes of interaction in their early years. Wells (1979) stands out for researching language acquisition and examines how adults support and assist children in their conversations by expanding on their contribution. Although this research is dated, the significance it still holds in this area should be noted as it the theories are commented on and developed by Wilson (2008) who states that Wells research suggests that children benefit mostly from one-to-one discussions with adults about topics that concern and interest them and the quantity of language experience children have is crucial to their language development. Vygotsky and Bruner (cited in Wilson 2008) believe that adults and older children play an important role in aiding young childrens language development. They further argue that children need first-hand experience with language through small group or one-to-one interactions with adults and engaging in talk about shared experiences and talking for a variety of purposes (Wilson 2008). Goodwin (2005) believes that speaking and listening opportunities are essential aspects within the Early Years and this is clearly shown throughout the strands of the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum (DCSF 2008). Sylva et al (1980) argue that the richest conversations within Foundation classrooms occur in the home corner. Moyles (2005) believes that although play has mainly been used as a teaching strategy in the Early Years, recommendations have been made about implementing it into Key Stage One and Two classrooms due to the worth it holds for a wider age range. Some schools and teachers have taken this advice and set up a transitional classroom which integrates the Early Years approach with traditional classroom practice (Harris 2003). 2.2 Using the role-play area to develop childrens oral language acquisition Children require first-hand experiences of language when acquiring language through experiences with their peers and adults in different situations (Vygotsky and Bruner cited in Wilson 2008). Goodwin (2005) writes that watching through watching their peers, children can observe different models of language which they can implement on their own. Although this research relates to the opportunity to critically observe drama performances, it lends itself to the idea of children experiencing new language through their peers. During pretend play, children use their real life and imaginary experiences as a basis for their language and learning, while starting at their own level (Moyles 1989). This is further supported by McArthur (1983) who believes experiences within language classrooms should relate to real-life situations that occur beyond the classroom walls. The use of pretend play within the role play area further develops language use as it encourages expressive speech to occur as objects may take on a different role during play and these ideas need to be made clear to all participants of play (Marjanovic-Umek and Lesnik-Musek 2001). Experiences within the role play area further provide meaningful contexts for children by letting them use language in ways they can identify, respond and learn from as they become active and interactive users of language (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Within the role-play area this often occurs through children pretending to be adults and this enables them to experience situations from a new perspective (Clipson-Boyles 1998). When children take on these roles they often imitate adult speech patterns (Tassoni and Husker 2005) and this argument is further developed by Andersen (1990) who states that adult language features can be clearly identified when children start to imitate adults around them. Through this experience children assimilate new vocabulary through portraying different roles (Tassoni and Husker 2005), as well as developing the social skills required to play these roles (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Due to this, teachers need to ensure children are introduced to new situations and Bedrova and Leong (2003) further argue that as childrens repertoire of roles begins to grow they acquire a wide range of vocabulary to suit each role and therefore it is essential that children are encouraged to play different roles. When entering new contexts and situations, new and different demands are made on language use and therefore new language can be used and developed effectively (Byron 1986). Furthermore, it is important that children are introduced to new settings and experiences in order to engage them with high-level play (Bedrova and Leong 2003). However, it is important to note that children often revert to playing family roles, even within a new area, as they are familiar and comfortable with these roles (Bedrova and Leong 2003). When children are introduced to a new theme within the role-play area, they engage with and use new vocabulary which would be appropriate for the theme and situation they are acting out (Bedrova and Leong (2003). Bedrova and Leong (2003) believe that when children use new words within their play it shows that the children understand the meaning of the words they are using and are able to master the vocabulary within the meaningful context of play. While children are practicing their language and discussing the play they will engage in, the teacher should step in to prompt children to use the vocabulary they have learnt (Bedrova and Leong 2003) Teachers may create stimulating and exciting role-play areas that contain a variety of quality resources however, when a role-play area is kept the same for several weeks childrens experiences are unlikely to be move the child forward past free and directed play modes (Moyles 1989). Due to this children should be aware that the time they spend within the role-play area is limited (Clipson-Boyles 1998). When introducing a new and exciting role-play area there should be some opportunity for free-play to occur before teacher direction is implemented to provide children with a direction to explore other dimensions and extend their learning (Moyles 1989). However, Bedrova and Leong (2003) believe that teacher intervention should occur before children access the role-play area in order to raise the level of play occurring within the classroom. Talk is an essential element within play as children use it constantly, either when talking to themselves, others and even toys and playthings (Moyles 1989). Although the use of role-play is beneficial, the quality of learning that occurs is limited by the quality of the resources available to children (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Bodrova and Leong (2003) concur with this statement and believe the use of a variety of props and objects provide children with the best opportunities to practice their language. Moyles (1989) further develops this argument by stating that if play is structured by the materials and resources that have been made available the quality of play occurring will be dependent on the quality, quantity and variety of resources being provided. However, Martin and Dombey (2002) argue that the quality and richness of play language arises from children managing tensions when creating a play world, the storylines and multiple identities they create as they strive to have their voice heard. Therefore, teachers should look at childrens language while they are in role and out of role (Martin and Bombey 2002). The practical element of play within the role-play area aids the development of language acquisition as play provides intense motivation for young children to learn while they play (Chambers 1999) while also allowing children the option of either repeating or varying the language being used (Cook 2000). Therefore the role-play area provides children with a wealth of opportunities to develop language through play (Tassoni and Hicker 2005). However, a crucial element in using the role play area in developing language is the important role the teacher plays in recognising and valuing the play which occurs within the role play area while ensuring children know they are accountable for their learning and their actions within the role play area (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Methodology Chapter The research to answer the question Does the increased use of the role-play area increase childrens oral language acquisition? was based in a large school with 300 children on roll and 30 teaching staff in Oxfordshire. The research was carried out in a mixed Year 1 and 2 class which consisted of 30 children for a period of five weeks. In order to explore and answer the question Does the increased use of the role-play area increase childrens oral language acquisition? a case study approach was taken. A case study is ideal for allowing one aspect of a problem to be examined and explored in some depth (Bell 2010). It also provides an accurate and detailed account of events, feeling and views given by real people in a real situation (Basit 2010) which is achieved in relation to this question through the use of interviews, observations and questionnaires. Due to the nature of the question, the methods used collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data is represented with numbers and provide the reader with explicit information (Denscombe 2003). In contrast, qualitative data encompasses several research methods as there is a written or oral outcome that is later interpreted (Denscombe 2003). The use of both quantitative and qualitative data reinforced the reliability and validity of the information gathered, as the accuracy of the findings increases through the implementation of different methods of investigation (Denscombe 2003) Due to the case study element of the question, as well as the benefits of collecting both qualitative data and quantitative data, the research methods of unstructured group interviews, participant observation and questionnaires were chosen. The use of a method such as document scrutiny would not have been appropriate for the research as the question was more concerned with oral language skills rather than childrens written skills. Interviews were used during the study as they were easy to adapt and allowed for the interviewer to follow up on ideas and answers which could be further developed and clarified (Bell 2010). The use of unstructured interviews allowed the interviewee to develop their own thoughts as the process was started by introducing a theme or topic from which the researcher developed their ideas (Denscombe 2003). The use of interviews suited the question as it recorded childrens views and feelings in regards to changes implemented within their classroom. These interviews were be carried out informally (Basit 2020) and created a deeper understanding of individuals ideas (Denscombe 2003). Group interviews operated at the level of those participating (Denscombe 2003). The main purpose of group interviews was for the participants to interact and respond to what the others were saying and the interviewee took a step back and tended to moderate the discussion (Bell 2010). However, the use of group interviews can be difficult, especially in scheduling when it can take place and controlling the amount of people that may be talking at once (Denscombe 2003). A limitation to group interviews is that quieter people tend to be forgotten as the more confident members take charge of the group and the answers (Denscombe 2003). Another factor that needs to be considered is that people may provide answers with are deemed as acceptable within the group and not disclose their true opinions (Denscombe 2003). Despite this, the use of group interviews allowed for the collection of opinions from children of different abilities and therefore showed how the changes affected children of diffe rent abilities. Interviews allowed for valuable insight to be gained into how the changes, which were implemented, affected childrens language acquisition. Due to the positive arguments above, and the opportunity to gain an understanding of childrens feelings and ideas towards the changes, ensured interviews were ideal for carrying out research. However, it was important to realise that the children participating may have answered questions as they felt obliged to answer, rather than how they truly felt. Further to this, on different days, children may be experiencing different emotions and this may have affected their answers during the interview. Participant observation was used during the research as this method relies on the idea that the participants being observed are unaware and act to what happens in the normal way (Denscombe 2003). This type of observation normally occurs when the observer is within the setting on a regular basis to improve their practice (Basit 2010) and was employed due to the researchers regular presence within the classroom this research method was adopted. Participant observation allowed for the researcher to note that childrens natural responses and actions within the role-play area. It further lent itself as children a method which collected unbiased data due to the researcher refraining from interfering with the participants. However, it is important to note that despite the researcher aiming to remain unobtrusive (Denscombe 2003) children may still be aware they are being watched. Questionnaires were used as a method of gathering information from other teachers who employed the role-play area within their classrooms. Questionnaires need to be carefully planned and the way in which the information gathered and interpreted needs to be considered (Basit 2010). The answers given, through the use of questionnaires, can be easily divided into opinions and facts and it is important that the researcher is able to distinguish between both views (Basit 2010). Despite this, questionnaires were used as they can offer insight into what teachers think. This allowed for information from an outside source to be collected and further validated the information collected. The questioners employ the Likert scale which asks participants to comment on how much they agree with a statement (Bell 2010) which allows for quantitative results to be collected. However, iti is important to note that answers to questionnaires can not be clarified and the researcher needs to rely on what has been written on paper (Bell 2010). Despite this, the use of a questionnaire allowed for opinions of teachers to be noted and some questionnaires were written on by the participants to further explain and give reasons for their answers. However, when filling out questionnaires the participants may provide answers they believe the researcher wants to collect rather than noting what they truly think. By using three different methods, triangulation of data occurred. This meant that different aspects were examined and the complexity of human behaviour was taken into account (Cohen at al 2000). It also reinforced the validity of the research collected as the same issue was examined from different angles (Basit 2010) through the implementation of different research methods. The methods used in the research were able to complement each other and support the findings produced but also offered some differences as the different methods were suited towards different purposes (Denscombe 2003). Triangulation further allowed for findings to be cross-checked which validated the results collected within the research (Bell 2010). Before the research was undertaken, the ethical aspects were considered and examined closely, appendix 1 (page xy). Cohen et al (2000) state that social scientists have a responsibility not only to their profession in its search for knowledge and truth, but also for the subjects they depend on for their work. Therefore, it was important the children were aware that they were being observed throughout the case study and actions were taken to consider any ethical implications. Data set Content Quantity/Quality Recording Method Unstructured group interviews The group interviews consist of six participants (one from each ability group within their separate year groups) The interviews lasted 10-20 minutes and occurred before and after changes were implemented. In total, two interviews were held with the children. Tape recorders were used when interviewing six children. Interviews were then transcribed and pplaced within the appendices (appendix 6 and 7). Participant Observation The role-play area was observed for one hour a week for five weeks. The children within the role-play area were not selected and the focus of the observation was the language being used. In total, five observations occurred. Notes made while observing the role-play area once a week. Notes written on post-it notes at all times to note use of new vocabulary used etc and then typed onto the computer and placed in the appendices (appendix 8) Teacher Questionnaires Four teachers filled out a questionnaire which asked for their opinion in how best to aid childrens language acquisition. In total, one questionnaire was filled out. Questionnaire handed out and filled in independently then handed back to researcher. These were then collected and placed into the appendix (appendix 2,3,4 and 5) Results Table 1: Questionnaire Results Question Results 1. Do you think the role-play area helps children learn and become familiar with language? Yes 100% 2. How effective is the role-play area in allowing children to develop their language? 4 66% 5 33% 3. Do you set up an area specifically to encourage children to practice and extend their learning and therefore engage in topic-specific vocabulary? Yes 100% 4. With the role-play area currently set up have you noticed children using topic related vocabulary? Yes 100% 5. If yes, how frequently is this language used? 3 33% 4 33% 5 33% 6. Are the children able to use the language correctly and in an appropriate context? Yes 66% When modeled 33% 7. For future topics, would you think about ensuring the role-play area allows for topic specific vocabulary to be used (especially in terms of science vocabulary). Yes 100% 8. How might you ensure that this is achieved? Key vocabulary displayed, teacher modeling, Sharing experiences with class, interactive resources Table 2: Interview One Results Question Key responses 1. How do you think the school room helps you learn? Lets children know more about emergency vehicle and traditional stories through questions and for others and answering questions on the wall 2. So what do you do when you were in the school room? Puppets are used to re-tell or create stories, children learnt about emergency vehicles and traditional tales but did not mention how 3. Do you use the questions on the wall to help you? No as the questions are too easy 4. Some of the questions on the wall are about traditional tales but some are about emergency vehicles. Does that confuse you? Yes as children were confused about what each question referred too 5. What kinds of words do you use? Do you use new words, words that you learnt from the stories? Or do you just talk like you normally would? Children used phrases such as The end, Once upon a time and The middle One child mentioned using adjectives 6. So what could the teachers have done to help you learn more in the school room? Teachers could have provided the correct answers so children could share and inform each other 7. So what could I change then in the school room? Questions could be trickier, could have provided more resources for the emergency vehicle section Table 3: Interview Two Results Question Key responses 1. What do you do when youre in the electricity shop? Children make circuits and discussed some of the circuits they made. One child discussed how she drew the circuit using symbols and then made it 2. How do you think the electricity shop has helped you learn? Children know how to make and draw symbols 3. So, in the electricity shop, do you look at the questions? Yes because they helped their learning and know more about electricity. No because they are not important. 4. How helpful was it to have the batteries, wires and light bulbs? Good so children could build circuits and learn independently 5. Did you find having all the electricity stuff helped you with your language? Did you use lots of words about electricity? Not really as they could have drawn them instead. Yes as you need a battery, wire and bulb to make a circuit. 6. Do you think you speak differently in the electricians shop than in the rest of the classroom? More electricity related words are used such as mains electricity, insulated wire, power stations, electricity pylons and electrocuted 7. What helped you to use all the electricity words? Anything special in the electricians shop that helped you? The questions helped, the equipment helped and the pictures that were available Table 4: Observation results Observation 1: 17/2/2011 Observation 2 : 3/3/2011 Children did not stay on task and therefore did not use new language Drawings of stories, however, story not told Child commented on light being dimmer and brighter Children talked about the parts they were using to make a circuit Children discuss breaks within a circuit Child predicted brightness of a bulb from a drawing Children use new vocabulary effectively and regularly Observation 3: 10/3/2011 Observation 4: 17/3/2011 Child discusses how some equipment uses mains electricity and the use of a switch Children discuss how crocodile clips work One child discusses how he melds lights with his father Two children discuss solar power and how most electricity comes from a power plant Children further discuss how pylon wires are insulated Children discuss why a light may not be working as the crocodile clip does not clip on the bulb holder Two children discuss how the electricity in the bulb gives off heat The dangers of electricity are mentioned and how one child could be electrocuted as he put a circuit around his neck The purpose of a switch is mentioned. One child links the word circle with circuit in describing electric flow Observation 5: 14/3/2011 Child discusses how the electricity is moving through the circuit Circuit is being made and when the bulb does not light a child mentions that a battery must be broken Child mentions she saw a traffic light being fixed and that the electricity was stopped so the electrician was not electrocuted

Cixouss The Laugh of the Medusa Against Showalters Feminist Criticism

Cixous's The Laugh of the Medusa Critiqued Against Showalter's Essay Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness In learning about feminist theory this semester, one idea that arose from class discussions was the notion of essentialism. Essentialism, a theory that stresses essence as opposed to existence, was discussed at length and while some classmates found it to reductionary and cliché, it is a question that I assume must be asked of ecriture feminine writing. Does ecriture feminine writing essentialize women? If it does, is essentializing women problematic? One critique of ecriture feminine by the feminist critique and gynocricitics is that the former essentializes women. In my own understanding of feminist theory, I have related to ecriture feminine in my writing and believe that women should write from their bodies, should write as women, but there were some interesting points raised in class by classmates who do not argue with ecirture feminine's position. This paper will look at the issue surround essentialism; whether a woman writing from her body essentializes women. Ironically, although I find the writing of ecriture feminine writers to be engaging, stimulating and meaningful, I have chosen to write this paper in a linear, structured and straightforward manner. As an exegesis piece of work, I still believe that the notions of writing from female experience and acknowledging female difference are possible. I will look at an example of Ecriture Feminine writing, that of French feminist Helene Cixous's "The Laugh of the Medusa". This work will then be c... ... is clearly a gynocritic, I argue that she can be seen to support the movement to an ecriture feminine way of looking at women's writing and language. My reasoning behind this argument is that I believe the reason why Showalter objects to ecriture feminine writing is because she believes that ecriture feminine essentializes women and that sees essentialism to be harmful to feminist theory. Because I do not think that ecirture feminine essentializing women (in a problematic way), I argue that Showalter can reinforce the notions behind ecriture feminine. Showalter argues that we "need to ask much more searchingly what we want to know and how we can find answers to the questions that come from our experience" (Showalter 2000: 311).

Inventory Management Essay

Companies often suffer because they are unable to meet demands due to a shortage of inventory or from large, expensive inventory maintenance costs. Problems occur due to uncertainties and lack of coordination between the company and its suppliers, partners and customers. Demand can be influenced by prices, competition, weather, fashion trend, technological developments which leads to uncertainties in forecasting demand. Uncertainties also exist in delivery times, quality of raw materials and parts. Factory floor is not just involved in the production and manufacturing of goods but in activities that see to the flow of raw material from the raw material factories through factories and warehouses to the production floor, purchasing, material handling, production planning and controlling, logistics, inventory control and quality assurance. Right level of inventory has to be maintained that is promptly delivered. Internet access will enable the factory floor to have access to useful and relevant information. The employees will have access to operational data that will be concise and relevant. The data will be shared across the organization. New and additional information will be readily available which will give them the insight to the external environment including information about the competitors. One of the most significant changes would be that there will be faster accessibility to all the required information. Availability of correct information will help managers to predict, speculate, forecast and estimate demands and trends. Based on these speculations planning for production is done. According to the planning, ordering, purchasing and using of resources like raw material, capital and labor is chalked out. This will cut down on most of the uncertainties faced by companies. The main problem for any company is determining inventory levels which must be done accurately for each and every product and part. Too high inventory levels raises costs and low levels may lose customers as there might be lead times. E. g. Littlewoods Stores in Britain was able to eliminate $17 million of overstocked inventory by using Web. Better inventory management led to the reduction of the need to liquidate stock which saved the company $1. 4 million (www. microstrategy. com, 2000) Real time collaboration and enhanced communications would help all employees within the organization to coordinate matters more easily. Better collaboration can save the industry $40 billion annually (cited in Konicki, 2002). Customer complaints will be delivered to the production floor on time and immediate steps will be taken. This will help the factory floor to raise the quality of goods, reduce scrap wastage and errors. A proactive approach rather than a reactive approach can be taken. Goods can move on time from suppliers to the production floor to the customers. Better communication would also mean that coordination with suppliers will be improved greatly. Production scheduling can be done more efficiently. Communication can be done via electronic mails, transfer of files, a call for a meeting, commenting on a news group, conferencing etc. During peak demands if the factory floor is unable to meet rising demand it will be able to judge which products it should outsource. Better buy or make decisions can be made. Better communication with suppliers will enable the company to use a just-in-time (JIT) approach by strengthening its ties with a few suppliers who will make prompt delivery of raw materials. The factory floor can also keep a system that will automatically warn the production unit if the inventory falls to a certain level. Automatic placement of order with the suppliers can be made which will reduce the lead time. Intermediaries will be reduced which will help the factory floor to cut down on the costs. Manufacturing can start once the order is placed by the customer like in the case of Dell. Training costs can be cut down on. E. g. a new machine has come in an ice-cream factory which can simultaneously produce 5 different varieties. Employees can be given instructions and a demonstration can be shown online Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) promises benefits from increased efficiency to improved quality, productivity and profitability (cited in Umble and Umble, 2002). This integrates all departments and fuctions in an organization into a single system and hence caters to the organization need. It enhances competitiveness by integrating information on finance and accounting, human resource, operations supply chain, and customer information (Turban, Aronson, Liang, 2006 p. 72) An enterprise portal can be used to integrate the internal applications such as the database containing information on the number of raw materials available for the production of bikes with external applications such as supplier websites etc. Information in this manner can be distributed efficiently and effectively. It will help form a link between the production floor, suppliers, customers, retailers and partners. This is particularly useful if the company is involved in cross selling and is operating in more than one city or country. Diageo plc, a beer and alcohol manufacturer was able to save $1. 1 million in inventory reduction and $600,000 in logistics through accurate forecasting of sales Hence inventory management is extremely important as it can bring breakthrough results within an organization. It gives a competitive edge to the companies as it slashes the costs down by providing a tighter control on inventory stocks. In this fast moving, fiercely competitive world internet has become a necessity and organizations must get technologically advanced to survive and compete.

Organization Change Management and Role of Mangers in Change

Organization Change Management and Role of Mangers in Change Abstract Management can generally refer to either an art or a science of completing a task by using other people, according to Dale (1969). In an organization, management is a way of using available resources to make employees meet certain objectives and achieve set goals in an effective and efficient manner.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organization Change Management and Role of Mangers in Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It includes planning, organizing, recruitment, guiding, and showing the way in order to achieve the set target. An issue in management can be an event that causes significant, mostly sustained, news coverage and open examination. Issues in management are numerous and diverse, however, the purpose of this paper is to single out organizational change issues in management. Organization change management, on the whole, has its own right become a powerful business. Organization change in management is beneficial, but one never fails to notice its shortcomings and the mounting challenges. The challenges can be overcome with careful planning by managers and attention to the way the change is conducted. Organization Change Management and Role of Mangers in Change Often, a good number of companies employ various organization change programs. As it has already been mentioned, organization change management, has become a powerful business. For example, it stands for billions of dollars in developing programs, implementing and training fees for consultants. For senior managers it can be a way to survive, profit and grow. For customers, it means better and efficient service, while for employees it can mean a chance for job improvements. Change in management is beneficial, but one never fails to notice its shortcomings that include the following three examples. In case organization change is seen to have failed, senior employees or managers may be dismissed, which finds its way into the equity of shareholders. Secondly, whether it fails or it succeeds, a lot of fundamental changes will likely lead to loss of jobs, demotion and dissatisfaction with the introduction of new ways of working. The third point is, the unwanted change experienced with customers can make them dissatisfied or decline the services. Organization change process nowadays is much shrouded in fear and threat as it is part of a powerful discourse of management in the present world. A quick look in any newspaper in the business section, journals on management, magazine or management articles will show that a key management discourse is organizational change (Mills, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the focus may vary, the fundamental message is the same. If the company has not been involved in some sort of change initiative, there are chances th at it may be operating below its full potential. Indeed, those who have been doing well at advancing change have been elevated to expert-status. Although present discourse of change consists of many basics of the earlier, pre-1980 approach to change, the difference between then and today is that organization change has come to be thought of as a holistic, rather than the piecemeal approach to organizational effectiveness (Mills, 2008). The focus of change in the past used to be on strategies for managing. According to Mills, organization engaged in OD techniques to improve the behavior or structural levels of the company (2008). In that way, the organization was guaranteed to capitalize on its effectiveness. Nowadays the emphasis on organization effectiveness and customer satisfaction are often seen as cutting edge. Despite the application of the latest techniques, the senior manager can derive satisfaction from the knowledge that he/ she will be seen as a forward-thinker in their a ttempts to ensure company survival and growth in a global economy. Many case studies carried out in management issues show a set of accounts of what took place in a certain business, organization, or industry within a certain period if time. The organization is a complex system, which is confronted with many challenges, as a result of external and internal influences. Change management at the level of the organizational, according to Badescu, is a key issue in ensuring most appropriate strategic way for realizing competitive advantage in the business atmosphere (2005). People are always afraid of change and are nervous whenever change occurs, such as an organizational change. Most will resist it both consciously and subconsciously. Many a times, those fears are strong that the change will result into a negative effect for them. However, the target people to embrace change will eventually recognize that the change was intended for the better. The speed of change is always increasing, especially, with the emergence of the internet and swift installment of modern technologies, methods of doing business and demeanor of one’s life. Organizational change management strives to find out the attitude of the target people and work together to enhance effective and efficient delivery of change and passionate support for the good results. The major concern of organizational change management is to win the target people to change their behavior and the way of life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organization Change Management and Role of Mangers in Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Change is often a shift in technology or internal hierarchy, when a key change is experienced by a company; it demands a response where the organization makes a significant alteration in the way the work will be done. During the change, the following guidelines should be considered for changing corporate c ulture. In order to get a satisfactory result, the target group should be given a concrete reason to accept the change. A respected person should be put in charge and should involve all parties in change. For smooth running of the program create a management team to oversee change, and provide necessary training in work methods and expected new values. Organization needs to adequately prepare for implementing the change successfully through a process of change management. The first stage is preparation which involves preparing employees for the change, describing the changes comprehensively to the target group, researching on the proceeding of the last change which occurred in the organization, assessing organizational readiness and making additional changes that are critical. What follows next is planning for change. This stage is referred to making contingency plans, which impact personal performance and productivity, encourage employee input and set timetables as well as objectiv es to measure change progress. The third stage is creating transitional structures. Special activities required at this stage include creating a transition management group to oversee the change, develop temporary policies and procedures during the change, create new channels of communication and arrange frequent meetings to provide feedback on the change progress. The fourth stage in organization change management is its implementation. Implementing change covers appropriate training in the new skills, encouraging the self-management, provision of frequent feedback that will help people to forget the old and to adjust to changes within the shortest time. Finally, acknowledge the people who have made the change in the process of work. The manager plays a pivotal role in organizational change management. Their duty is to move or lead employees and teams through a change process, in an efficient way possible in spite of how well or poor the change has been introduced. A manager will h ave to choose the approach and plan to change, create a favorable climate for change and culture for sustainable change.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Badescu, C. (2005).Case Studies in Management Issues. Bucharest. Editura Mica Valahie Dale, E. (1969). Management: theory and practice, McGraw-Hill series in management. California. Rex Bookstore Book Inc. Mills, J. H., Dye, K., Mills, J. A. (2008). Understanding Organizational Change, Edition illustrated. Milton Park. Taylor Francis. Organizational Change Management. Why, What, How? Available at  epmbook.com/orgchange.htm Retrieved Sheedy, C. November/December, 2010. Australian Institute of Management. The Key management Issues. Available at  epmbook.com/orgchange.htm Retrieved

Free Essays on ChillingworthPower Of Sin

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses the origin of sin in Roger Chillingworth’s character and his desire for revenge. â€Å"Spending long hours in his poorly lit study† he was a â€Å"man of science†, devoted to the pursuit of learning. Before he left Hester at their settlement, he was so wrapped up in his own studies that he close-mindedly became a man of reason, without conscience or compassion for her or anyone else. His will power on the other hand, was enticed by revenge and like a scientist, he found a way of going about getting this revenge. Chillingworth is the â€Å"man of science†, characterized by pure intellect and reason with no concerns or feelings about others. In chapter 9, Hawthorne describes the scarcity of Chillingworth’s scientific peers in the New World: â€Å"Skillful men, of the medical†¦profession were of rare occurrence in the colony. â€Å" These men of science have lost their spiritual view of human beings because they are so wrapped up with the scientific intricacies of the human body. Chillingworth lived in a world of scholarly pursuits and learning and is a prime example of one of these scientific men. He cut Hester out of his life long before the Indians imprisoned him to pursue his studies. Like a lab rat that is subject to horrible experiments, an innocent soul was subject to experimental torture in the name of revenge and not scientific pursuit. So horrible were the minister’s feelings about himself that he died out of shame. He was no longer capable of bearing the grief that infected him. It surprises me that Chillingworth never considered forgiving Arthur Dimmesdale for pursuing love- a perfectly reasonable part of humanity. Dimmesdale’s demise at the end of the book was a direct cause from Chillingworth, who used the power of sin and secrecy against him. Like a scientific investigation of his subject- the minister, he calculated his every move in understanding him, like ... Free Essays on ChillingworthPower Of Sin Free Essays on ChillingworthPower Of Sin The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses the origin of sin in Roger Chillingworth’s character and his desire for revenge. â€Å"Spending long hours in his poorly lit study† he was a â€Å"man of science†, devoted to the pursuit of learning. Before he left Hester at their settlement, he was so wrapped up in his own studies that he close-mindedly became a man of reason, without conscience or compassion for her or anyone else. His will power on the other hand, was enticed by revenge and like a scientist, he found a way of going about getting this revenge. Chillingworth is the â€Å"man of science†, characterized by pure intellect and reason with no concerns or feelings about others. In chapter 9, Hawthorne describes the scarcity of Chillingworth’s scientific peers in the New World: â€Å"Skillful men, of the medical†¦profession were of rare occurrence in the colony. â€Å" These men of science have lost their spiritual view of human beings because they are so wrapped up with the scientific intricacies of the human body. Chillingworth lived in a world of scholarly pursuits and learning and is a prime example of one of these scientific men. He cut Hester out of his life long before the Indians imprisoned him to pursue his studies. Like a lab rat that is subject to horrible experiments, an innocent soul was subject to experimental torture in the name of revenge and not scientific pursuit. So horrible were the minister’s feelings about himself that he died out of shame. He was no longer capable of bearing the grief that infected him. It surprises me that Chillingworth never considered forgiving Arthur Dimmesdale for pursuing love- a perfectly reasonable part of humanity. Dimmesdale’s demise at the end of the book was a direct cause from Chillingworth, who used the power of sin and secrecy against him. Like a scientific investigation of his subject- the minister, he calculated his every move in understanding him, like ...

Bayes' Theorem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Bayes' Theorem - Essay Example Simon Jackman (2009) defines Bayes’ theorem as ‘a theorem that illustrates conditional probability of the set on the given observed outcome, that is obtained from the knowledge of the probability and its outcome (Jackman, 2009)’. The rules of Bayes’ theorem are based on the basic axioms of probability or conditional probability. It expresses subjective depress of beliefs explaining the repletion through Bayesian statistic fundamental. The mathematical representation of theorem is as follow: Bayesian statistical method provides in depth understanding about the events. The application of theorem is wide in various fields and subjects, such as, science, biology, mathematics, finance etc. The model is applied to determine relation between the events. In the field of finance the Bayesian method is adopted for financial forecasting. One of the major advantages of Bayesian theorem is the consideration that is given to the previous information. The fact is that many statisticians would disregard previous information in order to prove the objectivity of the current statistics. The Bayesian theorem proves objectivity of the statistics by combining both the sets of information. A very significant advantage noted for the usage of Bayesian theorem is that it provides direct probability statement. This is considerably the best way to interpret confidence interval. On comparison, one can easily find out that frequents statistics would imply a number of tools. On the other hand, Bayes ian approach makes use of only one theorem i.e. Bayesian. The fact remains as that Bayesian approach can be used in different situations where most of the tools of frequentist statistics fall short. In the Bayesian theorem, the conditional probability occur on the bases of unconditional probabilities that are derived using a multiplication rules, that is (Prior x Likelihood) that are further divided by the sum of the possible parameters. Posterior in Bayesian theorem can be identified

Creole linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Creole linguistics - Essay Example One of the problems of definition stems from the way in which the languages are classified. Varieties such as Eskimo pidgin lack some of the structures and linguistic patterns of other types of pidgins. Creole now includes a larger number of languages than before. Questions have arisen as to which groups of languages be classified as creoles or pidgins. Considerations have also been given to breaking down both languages into sub groups and sub types. One should also pay attention to the proximity to the source language. There is also the issue of the varying degrees of creoles as spoken in some Caribbean states, for example. The question as to what extent socio cultural and socio historical factors play in the development of the languages should also be considered. Mufwene argued that the term pidgins and creoles were loosely used by European settlers and thus does not satisfy the criteria to be called languages because of the lack of certain linguistic features. He limits the term creole to those former pidgin languages in parts of the Pacific and West Africa. Thompson another writer examined the languages in terms of their historical natures. Her distinction of creoles and pidgins from bilingual mixed languages is based on social, historical, and linguistic aspects. Her claim also presents conflict especially when one looks at languages such as Tok Pisin. Both writers agreed on the difficulty faced in categorising every language. Conflicts have also arisen in determining the nature of processes of pidgin and creoles as they relate to each other. Historically both languages have been reflective of each other. Some writers, however, view both languages as being different from each other in view of their developmental processes. Others argue that they are independent of each other in terms of formation and use. Some scholars also look at the role children and adult played in the development of both languages. They argue that the morphology and